Research Phase and Master's Thesis in the Physics programs

During the last year of the Master's program you will have the unique opportunity to work on exciting research topics within the specific field of the program. During this so-called research phase, you can choose from an extensive number of research groups and current projects.

Aliaksandr Bandarenka and a Master's student in his group discuss about their research. Foto: TUM.PH/Eckert. The research phase constitutes one thematic block, culminating in the dissertation of the Master's thesis.

Research Phase

Current Info Events

The build-up of the research phase

To the scope of the one year research phase (59 ECTS) belong firstly, the development of the necessary special knowledge within a cutting-edge research line and secondly, the acquisition of the corresponding experimental or theoretical skills, that are necessary for the realization of the research project within the frame of the Master's thesis. Each of these steps conforms a module, the Master's seminar and the Master's training. Both modules belong intrinsically together and account in total for 24 ECTS. Subsequently, the independent research project can be carried out as part of the Master's thesis, which corresponding module comprises 30 ECTS. The research phase is completed with the Master's colloquium, the defense of the Master's thesis, for which 5 ECTS are given.

During the research phase, the fulfilment of an independent scientific work is tighly connected with the acquisition of additional skills, such as project management, team work as well as the depiction and presentation of scientific results.

Module	Description	Credits (CP)	PL/SL*
Master's seminar	Literature research and specialization	10	S
Master's training	Methodology and project planning	14	S
Master's thesis		30	P
Master's colloquium	Master's thesis defense	5	P
Sum		59

*: P="Prüfungsleistung", graded exam,
S="Studienleistung", non graded exam (pass/fail)

Finding a topic

Students have to take contact by their own with the working groups and potential supervisors, in oder to agree on a topic for the research phase/master thesis. Additionally to this, supervisors have the option to announce topics in the section below (supervisors see "Access for supervisors" on the right). However this possibility is not used by all institutes and not all topics are listed. Therefore it is recommended to ask the professors or in the institutes for topics.

Furthermore, it is recommended to start early (at least one semester in advance) to search for an appropriate topic. Having face-to-face interaction with the group, you can see if you like the topic and if you feel comfortable in the group (you will be working one year there!). We discourage you from simple e-mail exchange, as it is usually not successful.

Filtering in the offers for possible theses

You can search through the offers of Master’s thesis topics at the Physics Department.

Search for:

Offers of Master’s thesis topics

Study area	Topic	Supervisor
KTA	Ageing management in nuclear power plants	Petry
Research group ZWE FRMII Description The proposed M.Sc. thesis will have four phases:  Analyze the requested ageing management requirements in the KTA 1403 using the principle of the “graded approach”.  Identify the main ageing mechanisms (e. g. radiation, vibration, temperature and pressure cycling, wetting, drying, …) for mechanical, electric, ancillary and building components.  Analyze the components at FRM II affected by these mechanisms and compare the existing ageing management program to the above-identified requirements.  Propose adaptations to the existing ageing management program. Your work will lead to a “basis report” on the ageing management program and initiate a change in the applicable internal FRM II procedures where required. Indispensable are discussion with external experts (e. g. TÜV SÜD) and the nuclear licensing authority (StMUV). You will be fully emerged into everyday life of the FRM II reactor operations department. Contact person Christian Reiter
KM	Anomaler Hall Torque in voll epitaktischen Heterostrukturen	Back
Research group Experimental Physics of Functional Spin Systems Description The anomalous Hall effect (AHE), i.e., an additional Hall resistivity induced by the magnetization m in ferromagnetic materials, is a well-known effect. Although it was discovered more than a century ago, we deeply understood the underlying mechanism only recently. Experimentally, for most cases, this effect is discussed in term of generating transverse voltages or currents. In this Master thesis, we would like to demonstrate an unexplored property of the AHE: i.e., can the anomalous Hall effect generate a spin current and subsequently switch the magnetization of an ajacent ferromagnet? The prototypical sample is a fully epitaxial Fe/GaAs/GaMnAs heterostructure grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and the Hall bar device will be fabricated by electron-beam lithography. Contact person Lin CHEN
KM	Beeinflußung der Spin-Bahn-Wechselwirkung durch die elektronische Zustandsdichte	Back
Research group Experimental Physics of Functional Spin Systems Description Several years ago, we have shown that robust spin-orbit fields (SOFs) exist at the single crystalline Fe/GaAs interface. The SOFs originate from Byckov-Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction due to the reduced symmetry at the interface, and have the following properties: 1) The in-plane SOF is proportional to density of states (DOS) at Fermi level (EF). 2) The out-of-plane SOF is proportional to all the states below EF. It is well known that in the CoFe alloys the DOS at EF depends strongly on the relative concentrations. Therefore, it is expected that the interfacial SOFs can be manipulated by Co alloying. In this Master thesis, we will address the following points: 1) We will replace Fe by FexCo1-x, and carry out spin-orbit torque ferromagnetic resonance (SOT-FMR) measurements. 2) To prove that the SOFs can be modulated by Co alloying 3) If the above question is answered positively, we will try to switch the magnetization direction using a d.c. current. Contact person Lin CHEN
KM	Benchmarking and characterization of quantum devices	Filipp
Research group Technical Physics Description Benchmarking and characterization of quantum devices Identifying error sources and efficiently characterizing the properties of quantum operations acting on individual qubits, multiple qubits, or entire quantum processors is crucial to overcome coherence limitations of quantum computers. Different benchmarking techniques can be useful to isolate and identify sources of errors. In particular, different implementations of Randomized Benchmarking can provide insights into processes that limit qubit coherence times. In this project you will gain thorough understanding of the noise sensitivities of various benchmarking techniques and implement them in the experimental control stack. You will be able to use state-of-the-art control hardware with the ability to program quantum circuits using gate-based algorithms with on-device logic in order to achieve efficient control of quantum processors. Ideally, these techniques will be used to identify dominant noise sources and eliminate those using appropriate amendments to the microwave control setup. Contact person Max Werninghaus Malay Singh
KTA	Calculation the neutron transport from the fuel element to the instrument and probably to the detector	Petry
Research group ZWE FRMII Description The proposed M.Sc. thesis aims to bring the development of new instruments an important step forward. After getting into the required software and codes, the needs of the instruments regarding neutron flux and spectrum of the instruments have to be addressed. A particular focus will be laid on beamtubes and neutron guides for which new instruments and instrument upgrades are underway. Next, a script-based coupling routine for Serpent 2 and McStas is needed in order to transfer data between both codes. Finally, neutron spectra at each beam tube nozzle can be obtained using Serpent 2 and subsequently McStas will provide detailed information important to the instrument scientists. In summary the thesis can be divided into these three phases: 1. Thorough study of the needs of the instruments and getting into the codes 2. Set up suitable models for neutron transport in Serpent 2 and McStas 3. Calculate the neutron spectra at the beam tube nozzles and provide information to the instrument scientists Contact person Christian Reiter
KM	Chemical reactions and spins	Brandt
Research group Experimental Semiconductor Physics Description Elementary steps in chemical reaction pathways are difficult to disentangle. Often, such elementary steps involve radicals, molecules with unsaturated paramagnetic bonds. This allows to develop unique techniques monitoring their chemical reaction via spin selection rules based on the Pauli principle. You will develop highly sensitive magnetic resonance techniques measuring the charge transport in electrolytic cells to identify such spin-dependent reactions and, on the way, you will learn a lot about photocatalysis, electrochemistry and electron spin resonance. This Master’s thesis might be particularly interesting for students fascinated by renewable energies and motivated to work at the intersection of physics and chemistry.
KTA	Confinement of charged nanoparticles: Quadrupole Ion Trap - particle detection	Eisenhauer
Research group Max-Planck-Institue for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) Description Charged particles trapping and isolation, originally started in fundamental physics some 60 years ago, has nowadays numerous applications with interdisciplinary impact from astrophysics to biology. In laboratory astrophysics, ion traps are one of the few instruments allowing studies at conditions approaching those in the interstellar medium, where low temperatures (tens of K) and number densities (<10^10 cm^-3) prevail. In this project the main goal is to develop an detection system for a charged and trapped nanoparticles of sizes ~500 nm in an cryogenic quadrupole ion trap. This is an experimental physics project, the participant will work to integrate the hardware (laser, detector, DAq) together with customised software in order to accomplish the task. This project will offer a deep insight into photon detection using APD (avalanche-photodiode), signal filtering and processing using Fourier transforms and data acquisition using customized hardware. Contact: Dr. Pavol Jusko Prof. Paola Caselli
KM	Controlling magnon transport in antiferromagnetic insulators	Gross
Research group Technical Physics Description In antiferromagnetic insulators, we obtain two magnon modes with opposite spin chirality due to the two opposing magnetic sublattices. In this way, magnon transport in antiferromagnetic insulators can be considered as the magnonic equivalent of spin transport via electrons. The aim of this thesis is to obtain a better understanding of the magnon transport in antiferromagnetic insulators and investigate external control parameters that allow a manipulation of the spin information transport in the antiferromagnetic insulator. Moreover, these experiments allow to extract important transport properties like for example the magnon spin life-time. We are looking for resourceful master student heavily interested in these magnon transport experiments. In order to answer questions regarding magnon transport in magnetic insulators, your thesis will contain aspects of the fabrication of nano-scale devices using electron beam lithography as well as ultra-sensitive low-noise electronic measurements in a cryogenic environment. Contact person Hans-Gregor Hübl Matthias Althammer
KM	Design and Operation of a Multi-Input Quantum Perceptron	Filipp
Research group Technical Physics Description Quantum machine learning is a new area of research at the interface of classical machine learning and quantum computing. Advantages arising from the quantum implementation of a neural network are still unclear but an implementation and training of a small scale quantum network could shed some light on its usefulness. You will start by understanding the principle of adiabatic ramp neurons as implemented with superconducting qubits. You will then investigate possible implementation of a network using 2-3 multi-input neurons and design a training experiment to perform on such a device. This will involve the design and characterization of a multi-qubit chip device including numerical simulations that is optimized for multi-input version of the neuron. Ideally, you will measure the non-linear activation function of a quantum perceptron depending on the weights set by the ZZ coupling to the input neurons and train the network to classify quantum or classical input data. Contact person Ivan Tsitsilin
KTA	Die Physik unterschiedlicher Gammastrahlungs-Transienten	Greiner
Research group Max-Planck-Institue for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) Description The gamma-ray sky is very active, much more than the optical or X-ray sky. In addition, deep sky surveys for neutrinos, gravitational waves, radio or TeV Transients is presently performed. The understanding of these transients is helped dramatically by using multi-wavelength and multi-messenger information. With two previous Master theses we have developed a sophisticated program package for an automated daily search for gamma-ray transients in Fermi/GBM data, and a subsequent follow-up search in the all-sky Swift survey for better localization. This thesis shall be devoted to use this software package to (i) detect transients over one year, (ii) analyse the GBM data for these transients (derive position, spectrum), (iii) identify X-ray counterparts with Swift, (iv) establish a "population" analysis of such bright transients according to different source types, (v) correlate with other surveys such as eROSITA, HAWC, SKA, and (vi) investigate the different physical mechanisms underlying the diverse types of transients. The project includes elements from computational and observational high-energy astrophysics, and will allow for obtaining extensive knowledge on the broad class of high-energy transients. Some background in astrophysics is advantageous, but affinity with Python programming is a must. Contact: Jochen Greiner, jcg@mpe.mpg.de, MPE Room 1.3.13, Tel. 30000-3847
KM	Exploring renewable energy systems with laser induced current transient thechnique	Bandarenka
Research group Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage Description The advent of ultrafast lasers has paved the way and eased the investigations of mechanisms and phenomena, which hitherto were difficult to interrogate or measure. One of such mechanisms is the kinetics of the electrified electrode-electrolyte interface. The laser induced current transient (LICT) technique has proven to be a robust, unique, and indispensable tool for predicting to a high degree of accuracy the activity of reactions by identifying the so-called potential of maximum entropy (PME). The PME is the potential at the interface at which the degree of disorder peaks. At the PME, the reaction should proceed faster than at potentials remote from it. Thus, one can anticipate that the closer the PME is to the thermodynamic equilibrium potential of an electrocatalytic reaction, the faster the kinetics of this reaction should be. By employing the LICT technique, the PME measured at the electrode-electrolyte interface (i.e., Au polycrystalline electrode and Ar-saturated Na2SO4 electrolyte at a pH of 8) has been reported to be 0.58 V vs RHE. However, using Ar-saturated K2SO4 at the same pH yielded a PME value of 1.30 V vs RHE. Therefore, it is our considered view that this presents a stupendous opportunity to tailor the cation mixture of Na+ and K+ as electrolyte to obtain a PME value of 1.23 V vs RHE, the thermodynamic equilibrium potential of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Hence, this presents the leeway for optimizing the activity towards the ORR via the tuning of the electrolyte cation concentration. Contact person Theophilus Kobina Sarpey
KM	Fabrication and characterization of high-efficiency printed perovskite solar cells	Müller-Buschbaum
Research group Functional Materials Description In this work, you will manufacture your own printed perovskite solar cells and build a new setup for current-voltage measurements of the illuminated solar cells to determine their efficiency. Next-generation perovskite solar cells show very high efficiencies competitive to silicon solar cells and have the potential to revolutionize photovoltaics in the near future. Their heart is a thin-film absorber that can be easily deposited onto glass or flexible substrate using a slot-die printer. You will build solar cells with printed perovskite absorber layers, that are compatible with commercialization. Our group has long-standing experience in perovskite fabrication and printing deposition that you can rely on during your work in our group. For characterization, we have the possibility to conduct X-ray scattering for structural analysis and SEM measurements for real-space imaging, among others. However, the key method of characterizing solar cells is to measure the diode-like current-voltage-behavior of the cell under well-known laboratory illumination. From this measurement, the most important performance parameters such as the efficiency, current characteristics, and internal resistances of your cells can be extracted. In our labs, we already have such a device, but it does not allow measuring our solar cells in inert atmosphere. In this work, you will build a new setup that enables these measurements inside an inert gas atmosphere. The basic concept is already set up, I would be happy if you wish to learn more about this. Further tasks will include strategic planning of the individual components, drawing parts in CAD, guiding our workshop in constructing the parts, and the final assembly of the setup. You will test the setup by characterizing your printed perovskite cells and correlate the findings to your chosen experimental parameters.
KM	Fabrication of high-coherence superconducting qubits	Filipp
Research group Technical Physics Description Over the last two decades the coherence time of superconducting qubits, a leading platform in quantum computing, could be improved by five orders of magnitude from several nanoseconds up to hundreds of microseconds. However, for practical quantum computers further improvements of the qubits are required. In this project we will investigate different strategies to reproducibly fabricate Josephson junctions and junction arrays for different types of qubits. To go beyond the NISQ era, new fabrication techniques like surface passivation, post process treatments, optimal etching parameters and deposition conditions will be investigated to build highly coherent qubits with T1 times exceeding 100 µs. One line of research will focus on exploring the capability of operating superconducting qubits at higher microwave frequencies and the potential to overcome limits of current qubit technologies. New superconducting materials, such as rhenium, vanadium, indium, nitrides and other composite systems, will be employed that have a higher critical temperature than commonly used materials such as aluminum and niobium. Within this thesis, you will grow and optimize thin films of superconducting materials, design and fabricate high-frequency resonators and qubits, and characterize them at millikelvin temperatures with spectroscopic techniques. You will learn the process of superconducting circuit fabrication like photolithography, thin film deposition and reactive ion etching in our in-house cleanroom and you will learn how to control qubits with microwave pulses using an arbitrary waveform generator. Contact person Franz Haslbeck Leon Koch
KM	Femtosecond Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) setup for studying water-solid interfaces during CO2 reduction	Iglev
Research group Laser and X-Ray Physics Description Guided design and implementation of a SFG-Setup for studying water-solid interfaces during CO2 reduction. The quality of the reduction process is strongly dependent on the cation present in the supporting electrolyte. It has been suggested that this observation manifests itself in the concentration and the number of dehydrated cations in the material interface region. A proof for this hypothesis is missing however. The goal of this thesis is to use sum-frequency generation, which is naturally an interface sensitive probing technique, to investigate the binding strength and vibrational spectrum of OH-groups bound to the surface. Information on the temporal evolution of the process is obtained by first pumping the sample with an UV-pulse and probing with the SFG. The SFG is achieved by spatially and temporally overlapping two pulsed laser beams in the sample region, with one of them being an infrared-pulse which is sensitive towards the vibrational modes of water. This project is a cooperation with the group of Prof. Krischer (Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics). Contact person Florian Ristow
KTA	Galactic cosmic rays and their interaction with astrophysical objects	Eisenhauer
Research group Max-Planck-Institue for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) Description The Centre for astrochemical Studies (CAS) group at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics includes experts in observations (millimetre and sub-millimetre single dish and interferometry, radio and infrared telescopes), theory (physical processes and dynamics, gas-grain chemical processes and dust evolution, molecular astrophysics and collisional/rate coefficients), and the laboratory (focusing on spectroscopic studies of molecules of astrophysical interest). The combination of observations, theory and laboratory work is crucial to study the physical/chemical structure of an astrophysical object. We offer Master Thesis projects on the theoretical analysis of propagation and penetration of low-energy (Galactic) cosmic rays into molecular clouds and circumstellar disks. The aim of the work is to identify and understand the principal mechanisms that govern these processes, and to analyze the impact of cosmic rays on a variety of physical and chemical phenomena occurring in clouds and disks. Certain background in the physical kinetics is desirable. Contacts: PD Dr. Alexei Ivlev: ivlev@mpe.mpg.de
BIO	Growing shapes: Kinetics of integrating cell wall material into the envelope of a growing cell	Gerland
Research group Theory of Complex Bio-Systems Description The aim of this Master thesis is to explore different modes of cell wall growth, which is locally controlled by enzymes but has a global effect on the shape of the cell. Which schemes of enzymatic action permit stably growing cell shapes? And which ones can mimick the observed growth behavior of different bacterial species? These fundamental questions are surpisingly largely open, partially due to the difficulty of experimentally determining which local properties of the cell wall affect the enzymatic activity. In light of this experimental barrier, conceptual theoretical models can classify different plausible schemes by their large-scale behavior, which is more easily observed experimentally. This thesis will combine simulations of stochastic models for growing shapes with simple analytical toy models to address some of the open questions. Contact person Cesar Lopez Pastrana
KM	High-field magnetotransport in an organic superconductor in proximity to the spin-liquid state	Gross
Research group Technical Physics Description A member of the k-(ET)₂X family to be studied in this Master thesis exhibits a novel state of matter, quantum spin liquid at ambient pressure. Under a moderate pressure of about 3 kbar the material becomes metallic and superconducting. The aim of the work is to trace the evolution of the conducting system, particularly, of correlation effects, in close proximity to the superconductor-insulator phase boundary. The intrinsic properties of charge carriers will be probed by high-field magnetoresistance effects with the focus on magnetic quantum oscillations. A part of the experiments will be done at the European Magnetic Field Laboratory in steady fields up to 30 T or in pulsed fields up to 80 T. Physics: Correlated electron systems; magnetic quantum oscillations; unconventional superconductivity. Techniques: Strong magnetic fields; high pressures; cryogenic (liquid ⁴He; ³He; dilution fridge) techniques; high-precision magnetoresistance measurements. Contact person: Mark Kartsovnik (mark.kartsovnik@wmi.badw.de) Contact person Mark Kartsovnik
KTA	High resolution molecular spectroscopy in the laboratory and in space	Eisenhauer
Research group Max-Planck-Institue for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) Description The Centre for astrochemical Studies (CAS) group at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics includes experts in observations (millimetre and sub-millimetre single dish and interferometry, radio and infrared telescopes), theory (physical processes and dynamics, gas-grain chemical processes and dust evolution, molecular astrophysics and collisional/rate coefficients), and the laboratory (focusing on spectroscopic studies of molecules of astrophysical interest). The combination of observations, theory and laboratory work is crucial to study the physical/chemical structure of an astrophysical object. We offer Master Thesis projects on the analysis of single dish and/or interferometric data on star-forming regions in the mm- and sub-mm spectral region. The aim of the project is to obtain, through the information carried by molecular spectra, insights on the physical and chemical processes governing the earliest stages of star formation. Some background in astrophysics is advantageous. We also offer Master thesis projects on the spectroscopy of molecules of astrophysical interest. The student will have the opportunity to work with several state-of-the-art experiments such as a sub-millimetre free-unit jet. The thesis project will be mainly focused on the acquisition and analysis of spectra that will help the identification of new molecules in the interstellar medium. There will also be the possibility to participate to the further development of the experiment. Some background in molecular spectroscopy is advantageous. Contacts: Prof. Paola Caselli caselli@mpe.mpg.de Dr. Silvia Spezzano spezzano@mpe.mpg.de
KM	Hochauflösende Produktanalyse bei der elektrokatalytischen CO2 Reduktion mittels differentieller electrochemischer Massenspektrometrie (DEMS)	Schindler
Research group Chemical Physics Beyond Equilibrium Description Die Reduktion von CO2 und Herstellung verschiedener Kohlenwasserstoffe aus CO2 verläuft über verschiedene Reaktionswege und Reaktionsprodukte. Diese sind sehr stark beeinflußt von der Elektrodenoberfläche bzw. dem Katalysator, an dem die Reaktion abläuft. Zur Entwicklung geeigneter Katalysatoren ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, die Korrelation auftretender Produkte und Zwischenprodukte der elektrochemischen CO2 Reduktion mit den jeweiligen Elektrodenoberflächen detailliert zu untersuchen. Dies soll in dieser Masterarbeit mittels "Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (DEMS)" durchgeführt werden, die es erlaubt sowohl Probevolumina aus dem flüssigen Elektrolyten als auch dem Gasvolumen oberhalb des Elektrolyten zu analysieren. The reduction of CO2 and the production of various hydrocarbons from CO2 takes place via various reaction pathways and interstitial reaction products. These are very strongly influenced by the electrode surface or the catalyst on which the reaction takes place. In order to develop suitable catalyst materials, it is of crucial importance to examine in detail the correlation between the products and intermediate products of the electrochemical CO2 reduction and the respective electrode surfaces. In this master's thesis, this shall be carried out by means of "Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (DEMS)", which allows both sample volumes from the liquid electrolyte and from the gas volume above the electrolyte to be analyzed.
KM	Interaction between magnetic and conducting layers in molecular antiferromagnetic superconductors	Gross
Research group Technical Physics Description Hybrid materials combining nontrivial conducting and magnetic properties are of high current interest, especially in the context of potential spintronic applications. The organic charge transfer salts (BETS)₂FeX₄ with X = Cl, Br provide perfect natural structures of conducting and magnetic layers alternating on the single-molecule level. Our project is aimed at a quantitative study of the interaction between the two subsystems and of the role of the subtle structural modifications in this family. To this end, high-precision measurements of quantum oscillations in the electrical resistance and magnetization will be carried out on single crystals of these compounds under strong magnetic fields. The results will be analyzed in terms of electronic correlation and magnetic interaction effects. Physics: Correlated electronic systems; magnetic ordering and superconductivity; magnetic quantum oscillations. Techniques: Strong magnetic fields; magnetotransport; magnetic torque; cryogenic (liquid ⁴He and ³He) techniques. Contact person: Mark Kartsovnik (mark.kartsovnik@wmi.badw.de) Contact person Mark Kartsovnik
KM	Interface control via plasma etching	Müller-Buschbaum
Research group Functional Materials Description One of the main challenges in solar cell and sensor manufacturing industry is to understand crucial influencing factors in solar cell design in order to increase the electricity output. A strict understanding of the internal architecture and nanoscale morphology of the polymer-metal nanocomposite films is required. In a simplified approach of reduced complexity, we are interested in examining the correlation between the interfaces of a charged polymeric interlayer and a potential (metal) electrode. Polyzwitterions possess permanent charges and dipole moments. As such, polyzwitterionic thin (thicknesses between 50-200 nm) films can act as promising zones for the charge carrier diffusion before they reach the electrode and recombine. Plasma treatment can chemically modify the polymer layer, impacting the polymer film’s structure and perhaps hydrophilicity, leading to potential variations in polymer-metal intermixing as well as on the kinetics of metal nuclei formation and growth. The aim of this master thesis is to explore for the first time how variable plasma etching conditions onto polysulfobetaine (or similar) thin films can affect the nanoscale morphology of different metals sputtered on top of the polysulfobetaine (or similar) thin film under vacuum conditions. The thesis’ deliverables can strongly reinforce design of novel unexplored organic solar cells.
KM	Investigation of many-body couplers for superconducting qubits	Filipp
Research group Technical Physics Description High connectivity between qubits can lead to significant advantages when compiling quantum algorithm on real hardware. For example, in trapped ion quantum computing architectures multi-qubit entanglement is mediated by shared oscillator modes, allowing for all-to-all connectivity and long range interactions. In this project we aim to explore the coupling of multiple superconducting quantum circuits (qubits or resonators) via a shared coupling element. We investigate simultaneous couplings between multiple superconducting circuit elements by controlling the interaction strength and interaction time. The ideal outcome of this project is the demonstration of useful quantum operations, such as joint measurements, qubit reset or quantum operations on multiple qubits. Contact person Ivan Tsitsilin
KM	Magnetische und optische Eigenschaften von mit Übergangsmetallen dotierten hybriden Perowskiten	Deschler
Research group Experimental Semiconductor Physics Description The Deschler group at the Walter Schottky Institute of TU Munich invites applications for Master Projects on Magneto-Optical Effects of Novel 2D Materials The group The Deschler group is an independent research group at the Walter Schottky Institute of TU Munich, established through the DFG Emmy-Noether Program and an ERC Starting Grant. Its research focuses on the ultrafast dynamics of functional materials and their applications for energy applications. More information can be found on our website at www.wsi.tum.de Your project You will investigate the outstanding properties of novel 2D magnetic semiconductors with the design and operation of cutting-edge magneto-optical setups to explore the interaction of magnetism and luminescence in these materials. Specifically, this could be work on one of the following topics or a mixture of both in agreement with your supervisor Design of Novel 2D Magnetic Hybrid Perovskites Due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and high defect tolerance, organo-metal halide perovskites form an ideal system for efficient magnetic doping. There are a lot of promising semiconducting perovskites showing a strong photoluminescence, which are suitable as a host material for magnetic doping with transition metal ions like Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺. In this project you will fabricate high-quality crystals and thin films with solution-/vapor-based synthesis and investigate them with structural, magnetic and optical measurements to identify the most promising materials. Construction and Operation of Magneto-Optical Setups Materials that combine magnetic and semiconducting properties are desired for spintronic applications. Optical properties such as the polarization of the luminescence can be controlled via the spin-alignment in these materials. In this project you will design and build a setup for the investigation of magneto-optical effects like Kerr rotation, Faraday rotation, magnetic circular dichroism and magnetic circularly polarized luminescence. In your Master’s project in our group, you will have the chance to gain hands-on experience in some of the most exciting fields of condensed matter physics. You will run experiments at cryogenic temperatures, control magnetic fields and laser irradiation and learn state-of-the art ultrafast spectroscopy. Dedicated support from a PhD student or postdoc will be available during your project. You will be expected to make scientific discoveries and contribute to the dynamic atmosphere of our group. Your application Applications should be sent to felix.deschler@wsi.tum.de. Please include your CV, a copy of your BSc thesis and the transcript of grades of your BSc studies.
KTA	Neuartige Clustering-Methoden für die Jetsuche in Hochenergiekollisionen	Caldwell
Research group Max-Planck-Institute for Physics / Werner-Heisenberg-Institute (MPP) Description Quarks and Gluons scattered in high energy collisions result in so-called jets of observed particles in the detectors such as ATLAS or CMS. Recognizing and grouping the scattered particles into jets is a form of clustering. Algorithms have been developed in the particle physics community for this task and are in common use. The Master's project will investigate whether the state-of-the-art techniques developed in the computer science community can bring a benefit to the jet finding algorithms used in particle physics. The project will be co-supervised by scientists from the particle physics and computer science departments.
KTA	Neuronale Netze in Gammaspektren	Petry
Research group ZWE FRMII Description Embedded in the conversion program at the FRM II, the working group “High Density Fuels/Reactor Physics” operates a unique uranium laboratory, which allows the handling of nuclear fuel. For the operation of such laboratory, the waste management plays an utmost important role and gamma spectroscopy is the preferred method to identify nuclides in order to dispose of accruing trash packages. The increasing capabilities of artificial intelligence and machine learning, offer the development of new methods that allow for an automated and fast nuclide identification. The proposed M.Sc. thesis aims to bring the evaluation of gamma spectra an important step forward by - Thorough check of the quality of the available training data - Set up of a suitable neural network to reliably identify nuclides in unassigned gamma spectra - Identification of influences of different gamma detectors on the nuclide assignment This position offers a stimulating scientific atmosphere within an international collaboration project with the leading experts in the field. The student will get access to high-performance computers to conduct the work. Day-to-day work is done under optimal supervision by scientists at FRM II and Hochschule München Contact person Christian Reiter
KTA	Neutronen Spektren	Petry
Research group ZWE FRMII Description The proposed M.Sc. thesis aims to bring the development of new instruments an important step forward. After getting into the required software and codes, the needs of the instruments regarding neutron flux and spectrum of the instruments have to be addressed. A particular focus will be laid on beamtubes and neutron guides for which new instruments and instrument upgrades are underway. Next, a script-based coupling routine for Serpent 2 and McStas is needed in order to transfer data between both codes. Finally, neutron spectra at each beam tube nozzle can be obtained using Serpent 2 and subsequently McStas will provide detailed information important to the instrument scientists. In summary the thesis can be divided into these three phases: 1. Thorough study of the needs of the instruments and getting into the codes 2. Set up suitable models for neutron transport in Serpent 2 and McStas 3. Calculate the neutron spectra at the beam tube nozzles and provide information to the instrument scientists This position offers a stimulating scientific atmosphere within an international collaboration project with the leading experts in the field. The student will get access to high-performance computers to conduct the work. Day-to-day work is done under optimal supervision by scientists at FRM II. Contact person Christian Reiter
KM	Non-reciprocal devices for microwave signal routing	Filipp
Research group Technical Physics Description Breaking time-reversal symmetry by external magnetic fields leads to non-reciprocal behavior of microwave propagation that can be used for signal routing and isolation. In the context of superconducting qubits this becomes relevant to shield the qubits from incoming radiation along the readout path. In this project you will gain an understanding of different types of circulators and isolators and evaluate high bandwidth realizations based on Josephson junction elements or novel materials, in which chiral edge plasmons or topological insulators could be used for non-reciprocal devices without external fields. In collaboration with the group of Prof. Knolle and the group of Prof. Holleitner we will explore a variety of different materials both from the theoretical and the experimental perspective. You will then test suitable realizations at cryogenic temperatures, study losses and reflection properties and investigate, how these devices can be integrated directly onto the superconducting qubit chip.
KM	Novel measurement setup to investigate thermoelectric materials	Müller-Buschbaum
Research group Functional Materials Description Organic thermoelectric (TE) materials are nowadays an increasingly emerging topic of research, as they are useful in TE generators to directly convert a temperature gradient into electrical energy. Therefore they are of immense environmental interest in terms of waste heat recovery and the use of solar thermal energy. Recent research has shown that the performance of organic TE materials, especially PEDOT:PSS is strongly dependent on the relative humidity. In this master thesis a new measurement setup will be designed and built, which allows us to investigate TE properties like Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity under controlled relative humidity. This setup would give us a huge advantage to better understand the effect of humidity on organic thermoelectric films and to use this knowledge for improving the performance of TE materials. The project will involve a literature review, the development and construction of the new measurement setup to fit the requirements, and in the end the fabrication of organic TE films in the laboratory to test the novel self-made setup.
KM	Optomechanics of coupled micro-drums	Poot
Research group Quantum Technologies Description In this project you will dive into the interesting field of cavity optomechanics. We create micrometer-scale mechanical devices made from silicon nitride using advanced nanofabrication techniques here on campus: imagine a drum, but now more than 10 000x smaller! So small that it can be played ustilizing the momentum of photons, the so-called radiation pressure. You will also use light to extract information about mechanical properies - like their quality factors and resonance frequencies and even see their eigenmodes. What happens to these properties when many of the drums are coupled? That will be the key question of your project. We apply a novel technique to perform usually very long measurements on rather short time scales. We already have some working samples, so you can directly start and go ahead with the measurements. But you will also have the chance to learn many aspects of nanofabrication and make your own devices in the cleanroom, then measure them, and analyze the data. Contact person David Hoch
AEP	Organic Solar Cells for Space Applications	Müller-Buschbaum
Research group Functional Materials Description Organic solar cells have become a hot research topic in the last few years. The lightweight thin-film solar cells are of particular interest for space applications due to their exceptional power per mass, exceeding their inorganic counterparts by magnitudes. Recently, we performed the Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells In Space experiment (OHSCIS) and launched of organic solar cells to space for the first time. The mechanical and electronic design of the experiment aimed at maximizing the data collection rate and precise measurements. We showed that the organic solar cells operate in space conditions and produce reasonable power per area of up to 7 mW cm-2. Also during a phase being turned away from the sun, the solar cells produced power from collecting faint Sun-light scattered from Earth. Our results highlight the potential for near-Earth applications and deep space missions of these technologies. Soon a next space missing will come up and presently we are looking for an interested master student to join the exiting next flight of organic solar cells to space. The task will be to make new sets of organic solar cells and test them with the set-up. After the successful flight to space, the solar cell data need to be evaluated and analyzed in detail to learn from the space flight.
AEP	Perovskite Solar Cells for Space Applications	Müller-Buschbaum
Research group Functional Materials Description Perovskite solar cells have become a hot research topic in the last few years. The lightweight thin-film solar cells are of particular interest for space applications due to their exceptional power per mass, exceeding their inorganic counterparts by magnitudes. Recently, we performed the Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells In Space experiment (OHSCIS) and launched of perovskite solar cells to space for the first time. The mechanical and electronic design of the experiment aimed at maximizing the data collection rate and precise measurements. We showed that the perovskite solar cells operate in space conditions and produce reasonable power per area of up to 14 mW cm-2. Also during a phase being turned away from the sun, the solar cells produced power from collecting faint Sun-light scattered from Earth. Our results highlight the potential for near-Earth applications and deep space missions of these technologies. Soon a next space missing will come up and presently we are looking for an interested master student to join the exiting next flight of perovskite solar cells to space. The task will be to make new sets of perovskite solar cells and test them with the set-up. After the successful flight to space, the solar cell data need to be evaluated and analyzed in detail to learn from the space flight.
KM	Scaling and 3D integration of superconducting qubit devices	Filipp
Research group Technical Physics Description To build powerful quantum computers based on superconducting qubits, one has to face the challenge of a limited area on a planar chip to host an increasing number of qubits. Therefore, efforts to minimize the footprint per qubit and to provide scalable means to address and readout all qubits are key to further progress. The goal is to develop new fabrication and integration techniques such as superconducting air-bridges/crossover that add the third dimension to the usual 2D designs of quantum computers as well as through silicon vias (TSVs), small diameter holes through the silicon substrate that enable us to connect both sides of the chip as well as stacking several chips on top of each other. These additional degrees of freedom will enable us to implement advanced designs for qubits and resonators and increase the number of quantum circuits on a chip. During this project you will learn important nanofabrication techniques like photolithography, thin film deposition and reactive ion etching. You will also model and characterize superconducting quantum circuits. Contact person Leon Koch
BIO	Simulating the collective motion of encapsulated enzymes in external substrate gradients	Gerland
Research group Theory of Complex Bio-Systems Description Recent experiments revealed that the diffusion coefficients of enzymes can depend on the concentration of their corresponding substrates: the enzyme diffuses faster in the presence of more substrate. The aim of this thesis is to understand the consequences of this effect on the collective motion of enzymes. Imagine a vesicle immersed in a substrate gradient and loaded with thousands of units of a specific enzyme. What would happen to this vesicle? Would the non-uniform motion of the enzymes inside affect the shape of the vesicle? And what kind of deformations could be produced? Would it be possible to cause the movement of the vesicle along a preferred direction? To tackle these questions, you will be involved in the implementation of Brownian dynamics simulations combining a mesh description of the vesicle, the diffusion-dependent movement of enzymes and the interactions between the enzymes and the vesicle. With this work you can contribute to some of the latest developments in enzyme dynamics and active matter. Moreover, your results can be utilized to design and analyze experiments. Prerequisites: Interest in biophysical systems and in simulations of dynamical systems. Contact person Giovanni Giunta
KTA	Studien zur Suche nach dem Protonzerfall im zukünftigen JUNO Experiment (topic is not available any more)	Oberauer
Research group Experimental Astro-Particle Physics Description Der sich im Aufbau befindliche JUNO Detektor hat neben der Neutrinophysik das Potential zur Suche nach dem Protonzerfall. In der Arbeit soll die Signatur solcher hypothetischen Ereignisse am Computer in Simulationen bestimmt und mit der von möglichen Hintergrundereignissen atmosphärischer Neutrinos verglichen werden, um so eine Strategie zur Suche nach dem Protonzerfall zu entwickeln. Aus den Resultaten der Simulationen sollen zudem die Rahmenbedingungen für Testexperimente am Beschleuniger bestimmt werden, mit denen die Signatur des Protonzerfalls experimentell bestimmt werden kann. Contact person Matthias Raphael Stock
KTA	Studying the chemical signature of protostellar binary interactions through simulations	Eisenhauer
Research group Max-Planck-Institue for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) Description More than half of the stars forms in multiple systems. The dynamical interactions between the multiple stars can have a profound influence on the formation and evolution of stars and planets. This, however, is not well understood, especially at the early stages of star formation, due to the difficulty of observing young stars obscured by its surrounding natal cloud. Recent high-resolution ALMA (the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) observations have spatially resolved the emission from complex organic molecules around a very young protostellar binary system [1], also constraining the stellar masses and orbital parameters. The emission from these molecules coincides with features seen in the dust around the binary accretion disks, possibly corresponding to spirals or tightly wound structures. These features are difficult to explain if the emission arises solely due to heating from the forming protostars, the most common scenario used to explain the appearance of warm complex organic molecule emission around protostars. We propose to investigate the role of shocks created by the binary interactions in the production and distribution of molecular tracers at scales from a few up to 100 astronomical units. Gravitational forces from the binary stars can create shocks in the disk surrounding them. Detailed numerical simulations will be needed to investigate the temperature and density structure created by the interaction. This study will shed light on how the binary interactions can influence the chemical inventory in multiple systems at planet formation scales. During this master project, the student will carry out 3D hydrodynamical simulations with the orbital and gas properties observed in the protostellar binary [2]. Detailed thermo-dynamics will be built to investigate the origin of the high temperature and density tracers seen in the gas phase towards this embedded binary system. The student will analyze the spirals or other types of shocks features formed in the simulations, and how it depends on the numerical and physical parameters. Prerequisites: Basic knowledge in programming (C/C++ and Python will be used). Contact: Dr. Munan Gong <munan@mpe.mpg.de>, Dr. Maria Jose Maureira <maureira@mpe.mpg.de>, Prof. Dr. Paola Caselli <caselli@mpe.mpg.de> [1] Maureira et el. 2020, "Orbital and Mass Constraints of the Young Binary System IRAS 16293-2422 A". The Astrophysical Journal 897. [2] Moody et al. 2019, "Hydrodynamic Torques in Circumbinary Accretion Disks", The Astrophysical Journal 875.
KM	Superconducting devices based on superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures	Gross
Research group Technical Physics Description The combination of ferromagnetic and superconducting materials leads to intriguing proximity effects at the interface of the two materials. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the spin transport of superconductor/ferromagnet interfaces and model the obtained results in the framework of proximity effects. To this end, we will fabricate superconducting devices based on superconductor/ferromagent heterostructures with a special focus on controlling magnetization dynamics via superconducting charge currents. This requires investigations at low temperatures around the critical temperature of the superconductor in large magnetic fields. In addition microwave magnetic fields will be employed to drive magnetization dynamics in the ferromagnet and excitations in the superconductor. We are looking for a talented master student to investigate spin transport in superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures. You will fabricate superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures using our new UHV sputtering system. As a next step, you will structure these blanket films with optical and electron beam lithography into superconducting devices. Finally, you will characterize your fabricated samples at low temperatures utilizing superconducting magnet cryostats. Here, high frequency spin dynamics as well magnetotransport studies are the focus of your thesis. Contact person Hans-Gregor Hübl Matthias Althammer
KM	Synchronization and nonlinear dynamics of nanomechanical oscillators	Poot
Research group Quantum Technologies Description Synchronization is a universal phenomenon that is knows since they days of Huygens. When two or more oscillators with slightly different frequencies are coupled, they will start to move in phase. We can create small mechanical devices using advanced nanofabrication techniques here on campus. By sending light of the right wavelength, they start to oscillate, and when increasing the power the optomechanical coupling synchronizes them. The goal of this project is to synchronize devices made from silicon nitride, which is a special material with a lot of stress in it, and to increase the number of synchronized oscillators. The larger the system becomes, the richer the nonlinear dynamics will become. You will first make the devices in the cleanroom, measure them, and analyze the data. See http://www.groups.ph.tum.de/en/qtech/openings/ for a detailed description of this project.
KTA	The dynamics of dwarf elliptical galaxies (topic is not available any more)	Eisenhauer
Research group Max-Planck-Institue for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) Description The dynamics of dwarf elliptical galaxies (dEs) is an ideal probe to test the density profile of dark matter halos (in particular, the inner slope), since the baryonic content of these objects is low. A sample of dEs observed with the VIRUS-W 2-dimensional spectrograph at the 2.7m McDonald telescope will be analysed to derive the stellar kinematics and stellar populations of the objects. Furthermore, Schwarzschild dynamical modeling will be used to constrain their dark matter content and orbital structure. Contact: PD Dr. Roberto Saglia
KM	Thermophysical Modeling of Laser Structuring of Battery Electrodes	Kienberger
Research group Laser and X-Ray Physics Description This master thesis project aims at a deepening of the knowledge about the laser ablation process of electrode coatings by short laser pulses. Therefore, a thermophysical model of the process shall be developed and numerically simulated. The obtained results have to be refined with experimental data. The goal is to identify correlations between process parameters and material properties on the one hand side and the obtained structures on the other hand side. Finally, recommendations for process strategies should be derived. Requirements - Interest in laser physics and renewable energy technologies - Autonomous and structured working attitude - German or English language skills - Knowledge in the field of modeling or simulation beneficial, but not necessary Contact M.Sc. Lucas Hille 089 / 289 15498 lucas.hille@iwb.tum.de
KTA	Untersuchung der Signalantwort des MADMAX Experiments zur Suche nach Axionen als dunkler Materie	Majorovits
Research group Max-Planck-Institute for Physics / Werner-Heisenberg-Institute (MPP) Description Im Rahmen des MADMAX Projektes zur Suche nach dunkler Materie Axionen werden verschiedene Testaufbauten bei Raumtemperatur und in flüssigem Helium (4 K) zur Kalibrierung und zur Untersuchung der genauen Signalantwort des experimentellen Aufbaus betrieben. Es werden Reflektionsdaten Daten genommen und ausgewertet. In the frame work of the MADMAX projects several test stands at room tamperature and in liquid helium for the investigation of the detailled system response and for calibration of the setup are being operated. Reflectivity data will be atken and analyzed.
KM	Wirkungsquerschnitte von 3He Ionen mit leichten Elementen für Kernreaktionsanalysen	Stroth
Research group Plasma Surface and Divertor Physics Description Kernreaktionsanalyse (Nuclear Reaction Analysis, NRA) ist eine sehr empfindliche Methode zum quantitativen Nachweis und zur Tiefenprofilierung von leichten Elementen in der Materialanalytik. NRA mit einfallenden 3He Ionen im Energiebereich von einigen MeV ist hierbei besonders vorteilhaft. Zur quantitativen Anwendung benötigt man allerdings die möglichst genaue Kenntnis des differentiellen Wirkungsquerschnittes. Viele Wirkungsquerschnitte sind leider nur fragmentarisch und oft nur mit großen Unsicherheiten bekannt. Im Rahmen der Masterarbeit sollen zunächst die Proben für die Wirkungsquerschnittsmessungen mittels Abscheidung aus einem Niedertemperaturplasma hergestellt werden und dann die differentiellen Wirkungsquerschnitte für die Reaktionen 9Be(3He,p)11B, 12C(3He,p)14N sowie 13C(3He,p)15N bei verschiedenen Streuwinkeln im Energiebereich 1-5 MeV gemessen werden. Die Messungen werden am 3 MV Tandembeschleuniger des Max-Planck-Instituts für Plasmaphysik durchgeführt. Contact: Dr. Matej Mayer
KM	Zeitaufgelöste Messung des Umschaltprozesses für in der Ebene magnetisierte mikrostrukturierte Elemente	Back
Research group Experimental Physics of Functional Spin Systems Description The demonstration of magnetization switching induced by spin-orbit torques in a ferromagnetic metal (FM)/heavy metal (HM) bilayer has attracted tremendous attention due to possible application in magnetic random access memories (MRAM). Typically, an in-plane current sent through the heavy metal layer (e.g. Pt) gives rise to a spin accumulation at the FM/HM interface due to the spin Hall effect. The spin accumulation acts on the ferromagnet (e.g. Co) via the spin transfer torque effect and leads to magnetization dynamics and, ideally, to switching. In this Master thesis, we will use time resolved magneto-optical Kerr microscopy (TRMOKE), which is a time and spatially resolved technique, to trace the switching dynamics of an in-plane magnetized ferromagnetic metal. The following points will be addressed: 1) The Co/Pt thin films will be patterned to micrometer-size devices by using a by mask-free laser writer or by electron-beam lithography. 2) Time and spatially resolved magnetization dynamics will be measured by TRMOKE. 3) Finally, the experimental data will be compared to theory. Contact person Lin CHEN

Registering the research phase

The registration to all modules belonging to the research phase is done at once in the Dean's Office (Dekanat), normally at the beginning of the third Master's semester. When doing this, the certificate of mentor counseling has to be included. After agreeing on a topic with the future supervisor, students can print out the registration form in the student access.

After six months the Master's thesis should begin. Passing the Master's seminar and the Master's training will be recorded in TUMonline and you are officially alowed to start the thesis.

Handing in the thesis and getting the grade

Before handing in the Master's thesis, you need to update the final titel of the thesis in the database (student access) and upload an electronic copy (PDF-file). Afterwards, you have to hand in two printed versions in the Dean's Office (Dekanat). Alternatively you may hand in the rpinted copies via postal mail – use the submission letter you may generate on the status page after uploading the thesis PDF for this. The submission letter (as well as the submission form at the Dean’s Office) especially contains the required statement according to §18 paragraph 9 APSO.

You have to hand in the thesis at the latest on the deadline, please keep this on mind. The thesis is not handed in until the two paper copies and the signed submission form (or the signed submission letter for postal submission) physically arrived at the Dean’s Office! If the two copies and the submission letter are given into the mail without any delay we can interpret the date of uploading the PDF file as submission date retroactively.

Extension of the deadline is only possible for good reasons. See FAQ on Thesis extension.

The Master's thesis will be evaluated by the supervisor and a second examiner. The second examiner is appointed by the examination board on suggestion of the supervisor (after official registration of Master’s thesis).

The supervisor and the second examiner will also grade the Master's colloquium, which completes the research phase.

Re-enrollment during the research phase

For any examination you must be enrolled as a student of TUM. Hence you need to re-enroll for one semester more e.g. if you hand in your Master’s thesis or your Master’s colloquium takes place after the current semester ends. According to APSO, coursework and examinations until the first week of the lectures of the next semester are counted for the current semester – but for the Master's Thesis the rule is: you must be enrolled at the date you hand in your thesis (meaning handing in after 1st of April or 1st of October is impossible if your are not re-enrolled in summer or winter semester respectively)

With a due date for your thesis e.g. in October, you should not forget to re-enroll for the winter semester and the corresponding deadline would be August 15.

Organization of the colloquium

The Master’s colloquium is organised and conducted by the supervisor together with the second examiner. The Master’s colloquium takes approximately 60 minutes, consisting of a 30 minutes talk and 30 minutes examination. Naturally, the inclusion of the colloquium in a group seminar is possible.

Completing your Master studies

At the end of the semester in which you reach the necessary 120 ECTS in your Master's degree program you will be exmatriculated (according to §13(1) enrolment rules of TUM). In most cases the Master's colloquium will be the last exam to reach this point.

Taking further exams and final documents

You are principally allowed to take further exams after reaching the 120 ECTS, i.e. to replace previous results in the catalog of special courses or non-physics courses with better results. Therefore it is generally not possible that the final documents are generated before you are exmatriculated. In case you need the final documents (or even preliminary documents) earlier, you have to request for it explicitly. See the Remarks on end of studies and final documents for further information.

Deriving the final grade

The final grade is the ECTS-weighted average of the graded exams, which are used to fulfill the 120 ECTS. These are the elective course in theoretical physics, the special courses, the non-physics courses, the Master's thesis and colloquium.

If you have taken more than 30 ECTS in the special courses or more than 8 ECTS in the non-physics elective courses, then TUMonline will try to find the combination, which results in the best final grade. Redundant courses will be listed as "additional courses" in your transcript. If you want a different combination than the one TUMonline is suggesting, please contact the coordinator of the Master's degree program before the final documents are printed.

Nr.	Module	Credits (CP)	ca. %
1	Theoretical physics	10	12
2	Special courses	30	36
3	Non-Physics courses	8	10
4	Master's thesis	30	36
5	Master's colloquium	5	6
	Sum	83	100